''For the region of the same name, see Sudan (region); for the orange-red dye see Sudan I.

Sudan (officially the Republic of the Sudan or Republic of Sudan) is the largest country by area in Africa, situated in Northern Africa. The capital is Khartoum. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, Kenya and Uganda to the southeast, Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, and Libya to the northwest.

In recent years, the definite article in the country's name has increasingly been dropped in common usage; i.e., it would be referred to as "Sudan" rather than "the Sudan."

Sudan is one of the world's most bitterly divided countries. Most people in the richer northern region of the country are Muslims, and the rest living in the poorer southern region are mostly non-Muslims. These cultural differences together with other social, economic, and political factors have plunged Sudan into one of the most violent civil wars in modern history.

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