Traditionally, the study of history has been considered a part of the humanities. However, in modern academia, history is increasingly classified as a social science, especially when chronology is the focus.
Call for new Afghan strategy Demetri Sevastopulo and Bernard Simon Mon, 22 Sep 2008 14:58:00 -0000 The US and its allies are "running out of time" to turn round the situation in Afghanistan and need a new comprehensive strategy to deal with the conflict, the head of the US military warned yesterday.
"I'm not convinced we're winning it in Afghanistan," Admiral Mike Mullen, the chairman of the joint chiefs of staff, told Congress. Announcing his intention to create a new military strategy for Afghanistan, Adm Mullen was still "convinced" the US could prevail in the seven-year war.
A military official said the strategy would take a "more holistic approach" by looking at both sides of the Afghan/Pakistan border. The US is concerned at militants operating in the lawless border region inside Pakistan. President George W Bush announces 'quiet surge' into Afghanistan Alex Spillius Mon, 22 Sep 2008 14:54:21 -0000 US President George W Bush has ordered an increase of troops in Afghanistan that reflects a shift in US military priorities away from Iraq but highlights a wariness of squandering hard fought gains.
Democrats were swift to criticise the move and demanded a greater movement of military resources against the Taliban in Afghanistan.
In a long awaited speech the US president touted advances in security made in Iraq, saying, "Here is the bottom line - while the enemy in Iraq is still dangerous, we have seized the offensive, Iraqi forces are becoming increasingly capable of leading and winning the fight."
But Mr Bush declared he was bringing home just 8,000 US troops out of 146,000 currently serving in Iraq by February, the month after he leaves office. He will order the deployment of half that number to Afghanistan, acknowledging that "for all the good work we have done in that country, it is clear we must do even more".
Harrowing video film backs Afghan villagers' claims of carnage caused by US troops Mon, 22 Sep 2008 14:52:21 -0000 As the doctor walks between rows of bodies, people lift funeral shrouds to reveal the faces of children and babies, some with severe head injuries.
Women are heard wailing in the background. “Oh God, this is just a child," shouts one villager. Another cries: “My mother, my mother.
The grainy video eight-minute footage, seen exclusively by The Times, is the most compelling evidence to emerge of what may be the biggest loss of civilian life during the Afghanistan war. Afghans fed up with government, US Kathy Gannon Mon, 22 Sep 2008 14:50:39 -0000 The bearded, turbaned men gather beneath a large, leafy tree in rural eastern Nangarhar province. When Malik Mohammed speaks on their behalf, his voice is soft but his words are harsh. Mohammed makes it clear that the tribal chiefs have lost all faith in both their own government and the foreign soldiers in their country.
Such disillusionment is widespread in Afghanistan, feeding an insurgency that has killed 195 foreign soldiers so far this year, 105 of them Americans.
"This is our land. We are afraid to send our sons out the door for fear the American troops will pick them up," says Mohammed, who was chosen by the others to represent them. "Daily we have headaches from the troops. We are fed up. Our government is weak and corrupt and the American soldiers have learned nothing." NATO officer sees tough winter in east Afghanistan David Morgan Mon, 22 Sep 2008 14:48:27 -0000 NATO's commander in eastern Afghanistan said on Friday that his manpower-strapped military force could be heading into the worst winter of insurgent activity since 2002, soon after the battle of Tora Bora.
U.S. Army Maj. Gen. Jeffrey Schloesser, who also commands the 101st Airborne Division, said attacks across Afghanistan's eastern tier have been running 20 percent to 30 percent above last year's levels overall through August.
That is down from a 40 percent surge in attacks in the same region during the spring. But the latest numbers still reflect an intensified insurgency that has deepened U.S. security concerns about Afghanistan.
"A slow win, I guess, is what we're accomplishing," Schloesser said of NATO's efforts to thwart insurgents in the 48,000-square-mile (125,000-sq-km) area known as Regional Command-East. Afghanistan faces humanitarian crisis: Oxfam Mon, 22 Sep 2008 14:35:16 -0000 Afghanistan needs urgent help to avert a humanitarian crisis this winter, with millions facing some of the worst conditions for more than 20 years, a leading British charity said yesterday.
Afghanistan is one of the poorest countries in the world with more than half of the population living below the poverty line and millions of Afghans facing constant food shortages.
About 1,000 people died in the last, exceptionally severe winter marked by bitter cold and heavy snowfall.
“This is a race against time, the international community needs to respond quickly before winter when conditions deteriorate," Matt Waldman, the head of policy in Afghanistan for British charity Oxfam, said in a statement.
“If the response is slow or insufficient, people could be forced to sell assets or leave their homes and villages, and there could be a further deterioration of stability," he said.
Afghanistan - Frederick Engels' view of the country in 1857. Includes a map and commentary.
Afghanistan and Afghan war - Information about Afghanistan and its history from the regime of King Zahir to the emergence of Taliban. Hosted by Free Light Software.
Meta Description: [ Information on Afghanistan and its history:
from the regime of King Zahir, republic of Daoud, communist regime of Taraki,
civil war of Mujahideen to the emergence of Taliban.
Link and dictionary ]
Mir Ghulam Mohammed Gobar - A site dedicated to the Afghan historian M. G. M. Gobar, including a biography and a summary of his writings.
Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal (1921-1973) - Provides information on life and political work of the Prime Minister and founder of the Progressive Democratic Movement (jamiat e democrat e mutaraki). Includes speeches made during his visit to the White House in 1976.
The Siege of Herat - Thesis by John Carl Nelson discussing the political situation in the early 19th century and Mohammed Shah Kajars siege of Herat 1837-1838. Includes old maps and a bibliography.
US Library of Congress - Country Study: Afghanistan - 1997 country profile provides information about its historical setting, society and environment, economy, government and politics, and national security.
Meta Description: [ Afghanistan: Country Studies - Federal Research Division, Library of Congress ]