Music is a form of expression in the medium of time using the structures of tones and silence. It is the creation of complex forms in time through construction of patterns and combinations of natural stimuli, principally sound. As a human activity, music may be used for artistic or aesthetic, as a means of communication, entertainment, or ceremonial purposes. The definition of what constitutes music varies according to culture and social context.

Definition of music

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The definition of music as sound with particular characteristics is taken as a given by psychoacoustics, and is a common one in musicology and performance. There are observable patterns to what is broadly labeled music, and while there are understandable cultural variations, the properties of music are the properties of sound as perceived and processed by humans.

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The Japan Times: News & Business

WHO's sick manifesto for global recession
Tue, 02 Sep 2008 15:10:00 -0500
LONDON — The World Health Organization claimed this week that "social injustice is killing people on a grand scale." Its major report on the "Social Determinants of Health" concludes that social and economic inequality is a major global cause of disease and that only massive government intervention and redistribution of wealth can improve the health of the poor. But, as with many prescriptions, the side effects would be worse than the disease. The WHO report revolves around the idea that relative poverty — as opposed to absolute poverty — is an important determinant of health. This is based on medical research conducted in the 1990s that purported to show that people lower on the... Read the full story
Veiled sexuality meshes with Muslim values
Tue, 02 Sep 2008 15:11:00 -0500
NEW YORK — A woman swathed in black to her ankles, wearing a head scarf or a full chador, walks down a European or North American street, surrounded by other women in halter tops, miniskirts and short shorts. She passes under immense billboards on which other women swoon in sexual ecstasy, cavort in lingerie or simply stretch out languorously, almost fully naked. Could this image be any more iconic of the discomfort the West has with the social mores of Islam, and vice versa? Ideological battles are often waged with women's bodies as their emblems, and Western Islamophobia is no exception. When France banned head scarves in schools, it used the hijab as a proxy for Western values in... Read the full story
Fukuda hounded out of office
Tue, 02 Sep 2008 15:12:00 -0500
Japan's PR-vulnerable public and lightheaded media have done it again. Between them they have got rid of yet another of Japan's better prime ministers. I have no brief for Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda's policies. On two key issues I think he was wrong. One was his determination to force through legislation allowing Japan's naval vessels to continue Indian Ocean refueling for U.S. aircraft heading off to bomb more Afghan wedding parties and villages. But no doubt he was inspired by the promise he and his predecessors had made to Washington to assist that conventional wisdom called the "war on terror." He was also wrong on economic policy. But here too he was a victim of another conventional... Read the full story
Need for mandate
Tue, 02 Sep 2008 15:13:00 -0500
Japan and the rest of the world have seen two Japanese prime ministers in a row suddenly throw in the towel without giving convincing reasons for doing so. Mr. Shinzo Abe announced his resignation Sept. 12, 2007, and Mr. Yasuo Fukuda on Sept. 1. The manner in which the two prime ministers decided to step down after less than a year in power was most unusual and irresponsible. It is unavoidable for people to get the impression that politicians these days make light of the duties and position of prime minister and to develop a distrust of politics in general. Read the full story
Top hedge fund manager Mukai joins Epic Partners
Tue, 02 Sep 2008 15:14:00 -0500
Tadashi Mukai, who outperformed all his hedge fund rivals in Japan last year, joined Tokyo-based Epic Partners Investments Co. and will start a new fund that won't bet on stocks rising or falling. Mukai, 43, joined Epic on Aug. 20 as a senior fund manager, said Tetsuya Abe, the firm's head of compliance, in a telephone interview. Mukai was most recently at Tokyo-based fund adviser United Managers Japan Inc., overseeing the UMJ Neutro Fund, which climbed 11 percent, the biggest return among 13 market-neutral funds, in 2007, according to data compiled by AsiaHedge. Read the full story
Pakistan agents paid us to kill Ito: suspect
Tue, 02 Sep 2008 15:15:00 -0500
KABUL — A suspect in the abduction and killing of a Japanese aid worker in eastern Afghanistan has confessed he was paid a "large sum of money" by Pakistan's intelligence service to carry out the attack, the Afghan intelligence service said Wednesday. A statement issued by the National Directorate of Security said that Adel Shah, one of the two suspects arrested by Afghan security forces, made the confession while being interrogated over the kidnapping of Kazuya Ito, a 31-year-old agriculture expert from Shizuoka Prefecture who was working with Peshawar-Kai, a Fukuoka-based aid group. Read the full story

Japan Today: Japan News and Discussion

Politics › Koike, Ishihara, Yosano to challenge Aso in LDP presidential race
Thu, 04 Sep 2008 19:55:00 +0100
Three Liberal Democratic Party lawmakers stepped up moves Thursday to challenge LDP Secretary General Taro Aso in the Sept. 22 party presidential election to pick…
Sports › Kuroda earns 8th win; no-decision for Matsuzaka
Thu, 04 Sep 2008 19:11:00 +0100
Los Angeles Dodgers right-hander Hiroki Kuroda threw 5 1/3 shaky innings but picked up his eighth win of the season while the Boston Red Sox's…
Politics › Japan to urge N Korea to keep promises
Thu, 04 Sep 2008 15:15:00 +0100
Japan will keep urging North Korea to act on its denuclearization promises agreed on under the six-party talks framework, Chief Cabinet Secretary Nobutaka Machimura said…
World › Thai gov't opts for national referendum to resolve political crisis
Thu, 04 Sep 2008 15:13:00 +0100
Thai Prime Minister Samak Sundaravej beleaguered government decided Thursday to hold a national referendum as a means of ending the country's prolonged political crisis, according…
Crime › 4 fired Oita education officials admit to taking, giving bribes
Thu, 04 Sep 2008 15:09:00 +0100
Four sacked public education officials in Oita Prefecture admitted Thursday to either taking or giving bribes in connection with the hiring of teachers during the…
National › Record number of climbers scale Fuji in summer
Thu, 04 Sep 2008 13:54:00 +0100
A record number of climbers scaled Mount Fuji during the summer season and deaths and injuries rose as many underestimated the trek, city officials said.…

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