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Cancer is a class of diseases or disorders characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these cells to invade other tissues, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis. Metastasis is defined as the stage in which cancer cells are transported through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. Cancer may affect people at all ages, but risk tends to increase with age. It is one of the leading causes of death in developed countries.
There are many types of cancer. Severity of symptoms depends on the site and character of the malignancy and whether there is metastasis. A definitive diagnosis usually requires the histologic examination of tissue by a pathologist. This tissue is obtained by biopsy or surgery. Most cancers can be treated and some cured, depending on the specific type, location, and stage. Once diagnosed, cancer is usually treated with a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. As research develops, treatments are becoming more specific for the type of cancer pathology. Drugs that target specific cancers already exist for several cancers. If untreated, cancers may eventually cause illness and death, though this is not always the case.
The unregulated growth that characterizes cancer is caused by damage to DNA, resulting in mutations to genes that encode for proteins controlling cell division. Many mutation events may be required to transform a normal cell into a malignant cell. These mutations can be caused by chemicals or physical agents called carcinogens, by close exposure to radioactive materials, or by certain viruses that can insert their DNA into the human genome. Mutations occur spontaneously, or are passed down generations as a result of germ line mutations.
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Cancer
Oncology :: Medical Specialties
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Cancer Help UK - Free information service produced by the University of Birmingham. Good general information about cancer, prevention and treatments. Detailed information about specific types of cancer.
Meta Description: [ CancerHelp UK is one of Cancer Research UKs 5 main websites. We provide a free information service about cancer and cancer care for people with cancer and their families. ]
Cancer Net - Cancer information and links on this site for UK cancer patients. Produced by a consultant oncologist along with other medical professionals.
Cancer Research Campaign - Some information about cancer. A UK Charity primarily concerned with raising money to fund research.
Meta Description: [ Cancer Research UK, the UK's leading cancer charity. This site has a wealth of information about the charity and about cancer. We also have many ways for you to make a donation or to support our vital cancer research. ]
CancerWEB - Collection of cancer resources for patients and professionals. Access to the National Cancer Institute's database of up to date information (PDQ).
Carols Smile - Formed in 2002 in memory of Carol Harbord who died of Hodgkins Disease, a form of cancer. Information about their activities to raise funds for research and patient support.
Meta Description: [ Carol's Smile, cancer charity, Hodgkins disease, lymphoma, sponsored walk around Britain, coastal walk around Britain ]
Everyman - Action Against Male Cancers - Established by the Institute of Cancer Research to raise awareness and fund research. Information about testicular and prostatic cancer.
Meta Description: [ Everyman - Funding research to cross out prostate and testicular cancer ]
Fight for Life - Raises funds to build and maintain a dedicated children's radiotherapy unit at the Middlesex Hospital, London. Information about events, activities and contact details.
Meta Description: [ a charitable organisation helping to raise money to fight and treat cancer in kids. ]
Foundation For Children With Leukaemia - Charity. Sponsors research, equipment and training for childhood leukaemias in the UK.
Guide to Internet Resources for Cancer - Comprehensive guide maintained by Simon Cotterill, University of Newcastle on Tyne. For patients and professionals.
Imperial Cancer Research Fund - A UK Charity. Cancer news and an excellent range of information leaflets. Kids' section explains cancer with the aid of cartoons.
Info Lymphoma - Janet Nightingale's site with information and useful links for people with adult Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma.
Musgrove Leukaemic Group Somerset - Fund raising charity supporting treatment and research for leukaemia and lymphoma in the county. Provides details of the research and clinical units, meetings, collections and events.
Meta Description: [ Musgrove Leukaemic Group Somerset - supporting treatment and research for leukaemia and lymphoma in Somerset, UK ]
National Cancer Research Network - Information about group created to provide a world-class health service infrastructure to support cancer research in England.
Meta Description: [ National Cancer Research Network Homepage ]
Northwest Cancer Research Fund - An independent charity to provide funds for fundamental cancer research in the North West of England.
Meta Description: [ the North West Cancer Research Fund are an independent charity form over 50 years ago. ]
Richard Dimbleby Cancer Fund - Funds research into a cure for cancer, and an information and support service for cancer patients living in South-East London and West Kent. Contact details.
Meta Description: [ Richard Dimbleby Cancer Fund. Working to find a cure for cancer and to care for those suffering from it. ]
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