Down syndrome (also Down's syndrome) or trisomy 21 or I R GOT DOWNS NOW LOL is a genetic condition resulting from the presence of all or part of an extra 21st chromosome. Down syndrome is characterized by a combination of major and minor abnormalities of body structure and function. Among features present in nearly all cases are impairment of learning and physical growth, and a recognizable facial appearance usually identified at birth. It is named after John Langdon Down, the British doctor who first described it in 1866.
Children with Down syndrome have lower than average cognitive ability, normally ranging from mild to moderate retardation. The common physical features of Down syndrome also appear in people with a standard set of chromosomes. They include simian crease (a single crease across one or both palms), almond shaped eyes, shorter limbs, speech impairment, and enlarged tongue. In addition, health concerns for children with Down syndrome include a higher risk for congenital heart defects, gastroesophageal reflux disease, recurrent ear infections, obstructive sleep apnea, and thyroid disfunctions.
Early childhood intervention, screening for common problems, such as thyroid functioning, medical treatment where indicated, a conducive family environment, vocational training, etc., can improve the overall development of children with Down syndrome. Experience with children with Down syndrome shows that while some genetic limitations cannot be overcome, education and proper care can produce excellent progress whatever the starting point. The commitment of parents, teachers, and therapists to individual children has produced previously unexpected positive results.
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Down Syndrome :: Genetic Disorders

Down Syndrome Research Foundation - A parent-based charity supporting research into the medical conditions collectively called Down's syndrome. Information on research, nutrition education, health care guidelines, and alternative therapies. Includes parents' stories.
Down's Syndrome Medical Interest Group - Information for healthcare professionals, including UK-specific growth charts, guidelines, and medical information library.
Learning about Intellectual Disabilities and Health - Collaboration between the Down's Syndrome Association and St George's Hospital Medical School, University of London, has produced a comprehensive information resource, with particular emphasis on the ability of medical professions to empower their patients.
National Down Syndrome Cytogenetic Register - Information about an anonymous register allowing researchers to analyse possible causal factors. Includes interpretation of the results.
UK Resources for Down's Syndrome - A comprehensive set of addresses and links for Down's Syndrome on the web in the UK on the web. Includes links to government agencies, voluntary organisations and the full text of the 1996 Education Act.
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