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Orienteering is a running sport involving navigation with a map and compass. The traditional form (sometimes referred to as "Foot Orienteering" or "Foot-O") involves cross-country running, though other forms have evolved. The competition is a timed race in which individual participants use a special purpose map and a magnetic compass to navigate through diverse terrain (often wooded) and visit, in sequence, control points that are indicated on the map. The course of control points is kept a secret from competitors before the start, when they are provided with a detailed topographic map on which the course is marked. Competitors start at staggered intervals, are individually timed, and are expected to perform all navigation skills on their own. Standings are determined first by successful completion of the course, then by shortest time on course. Rules and principles of the sport are defined by the International Orienteering Federation.
The English name derives from the Swedish word "orientering". The term was first used to describe the sport in 1918 by Major Ernst Killander, then President of the Stockholm Amateur Athletic Association, in publicity for the first large scale competitive meet held in Sweden.Palmer, Peter (1997). The Complete Orienteering Manual. Wiltshire, England: The Crowood Press Ltd., ISBN Booksoures/1861260954, p. 19.
History
Early days
Orienteering originated in Scandinavia, as a military exercise, in the late 19th century. The competitive sport form began in Norway where the first competition was sponsored by the Tjalve Sports Club on 31 October 1897 and held near Oslo. The course was quite long by modern standards, at 19.5 km, on which only three controls were placed. Peder Fossum won the event in a time of 1 hour, 47 minutes, and 7 seconds.Palmer, Peter (1997). The Complete Orienteering Manual. Wiltshire, England: The Crowood Press Ltd., ISBN Booksoures/1861260954, p. 18-19. The first large scale orienteering meet was organized in 1918 by Major Ernst Killander of Stockholm, Sweden. Killander was a scout leader who turned to the sport as an opportunity to interest youth in athletics. The first large scale event was organized south of Stockholm and was attended by 220 athletes.Boga, Steven (1997). Orienteering: The Sport of Navigating with Map & Compass. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, USA: Stackpole Books. ISBN Booksources/0811728706. p. 1. Killander continued to develop the rules and principles of the sport, and today is widely regarded throughout Scandinavia as the "Father of Orienteering." More on [ Orienteering ]
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British Orienteering Federation - BOF is the governing body of the sport of orienteering for the United Kingdom.
Birmingham University Orienteering Club (BUOC/WMOA) - BUOC is the closed student club at Birmingham University, affiliated to the local Harlequins Orienteering Club(HOC).
BSOA: British Schools Orienteering Association - Promoting and developing all forms of Schools Orienteering including the competitive sport, school and park activities, navigational challenges in the countryside and map and compass recreation. News and directory of events.
Chigwell and Epping Forest OC (CHIG) - Orienteering club for those in the Epping Forest and Chigwell areas. Includes event and club information and related orienteering links.
Deeside Orienteering Club (DEE/NWOA) - DEE covers most of Cheshire west of the M6, and the Wirral. The ste includes a comprehensive introduction to orienteering.
Meta Description: [ The main page for Deeside Orienteering Club, Cheshire UK ]
East Midlands Orienteering Association (EMOA) - EMOA is the English regional association covering Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Northamptonshire, and Nottinghamshire)with four open and three university clubs.
Harlequins Orienteering Club (WMOA) - Midlands club whose mapped areas fall within an area centred just West of Birmingham. Bounded in the West by Leominster, in the North Walsall and Dudley, in the South Malvern and in the East the M42.
Meta Description: [ Home page of Harlequins Orienteering Club, West Midlands, England ]
Jan Kjellström International Festival of Orienteering 2003 - Held on the 18-21 April in the forests of Berkshire and Buckinghamshire. Includes event details, entrance information, and a location map.
Lincoln Orienteering Group (LOG/EMOA) - LOG covers all of Lincolnshire except for the top North, which is covered by HALO.
Newcastle and Tyneside Orienteers (NATO/NEOA) - NATO members mostly hail from Newcastle, the banks of the Tyne and Northumberland, but also from further afield.
Northern Navigators Orienteering Club - Covering the North East of England, including County Durham, Northumberland and Newcastle. News, information, and photographs.
Octavian Droobers Orienteering Club (OD/WMOA) - Coventry and Warwickshire.
Oxford University Orienteering Club (OUOC/SCOA) - OUOC is a closed university club and in addition to members at Oxford University their site has general information about orienteering in the UK.
Meta Description: [ Oxford University Orienteering Club ]
Potteries Orienteering Club (POTOC/WMOA) - POTOC is for orienteers in or near North Staffordshire.
Royal Air Force Orienteering (non-geographic) - The RAF Orienteering Association is open to all serving and ex-RAF personnel and families.
Meta Description: [ The Royal Air Force Orienteers web site, Events, News, Results ]
Sheffield University Orienteering Club (shUOC) - Photos, race results and contact information for the club
South Midlands Orienteering Club - Club for Milton Keynes, Bedford, Luton and surrounding areas. Includes information about orienteering, events, mapped areas, results, and membership.
South Yorkshire Orienteers - Local club for the Sheffield, Doncaster, Rotherham and Barnsley area of England. Includes fixtures, results, members list, and news.
Walton Chasers Orienteering Club (WCH/WMOA) - The club is focussed on Walton, Stafford, and encompasses Stone, Staffordshire Moorlands, Cannock, Rugeley, Uttoxeter, Lichfield, and the northern parts of Wolverhampton and Walsall.
Welsh Orienteering Association (WOA) - Includes club directory plus news and information about the organisation, junior programme, equipment and events. A member of the British Orienteering Federation.
West Anglian Orienteering Club (WAOC/EAOA) - The orienteering club for Cambridgeshire, East Bedfordshire and North Hertfordshire, UK.
Meta Description: [ The Home Page of the West Anglian
Orienteering Club, UK ]
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West Midlands Orienteering Association (WMOA) - The English regional association for the West Midlands, centred on Birmingham. The region has seven open and three University clubs.
Wrekin Orienteers (WRE/WMOA) - WRE covers the county of Shropshire, with membership centred on Telford and Shrewsbury. News, fixtures, results, training, club information, and links.
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