Lapland, (also Lappland, Lappi, Sápmi, Sameland, and Saamiland) Lappia in some historical writings and maps, is the name of the cultural region traditionally inhabited by the Sami people. Today the northernmost province of Finland officially carries the name Lapland (Lappi in Finnish). Similarly, the northernmost province in Sweden, although administratively subdivided between two counties, carries the name Lapland.

Lapland is located in Northern Europe and includes the northern parts of Scandinavia and the Kola peninsula in Russia. With the fall of the Soviet Union and increasing internationalization, co-operation across borders is becoming more important and existing county and national borders less important. This is true both for the Sami aboriginal population and the non-Sami and Sami-descent majority population. A majority of the current population of this region has at least some Sami ancestry, yet most identify with their respective nation-state ethnicities.