Speleology is the scientific study of caves and other karst features, their make-up, structure, physical properties, history, life forms, and the processes by which they form (speleogenesis) and change over time (speleomorphology).

Important subdivisions of speleogy are cave hydrology, cave biology, geochemistry of speleothems, cave surveying and mapping. Speleologists also work with archaeologists in studying underground ruins, tunnels, sewers and aquaducts, such as the various inlets and outlets of the Cloaca Maxima in Rome.^*

Speleology is also sometimes applied to the activity of exploring caves. This is more commonly known as caving or spelunking.

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