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A county is generally a sub-unit of regional self-government within a sovereign jurisdiction. Originally, in continental Europe, a county was the land under the jurisdiction of a count. Counts are called earls in post-Celtic Britain and Ireland—the term is from Old Norse jarl and was introduced by the Vikings—but there is no correlation between counties and earldoms. Rather, county, from French comté, was simply used by the Normans after 1066 to replace the native English term scir ()—Modern English shire. A shire was an administrative division of an Anglo-Saxon kingdom (Wessex, Mercia, East Anglia, etc.), usually named after its administrative centre: for example, Gloucestershire, in Gloucester; Worcestershire, in Worcester; etc.Etymology of the word county.

Thus, whereas the word comté denoted a sovereign jurisdiction in the original French, the English county denotes a subdivision of a sovereign jurisdiction.

Overview


Country/Area Language Singular Plural Number Notes
Counties of Canada English and French
Counties of Croatia Croatian županija županije 20
Counties of Denmark Danish amt amter
Counties of Estonia Estonian maakond maakonnad 15
Counties of Finland Swedish and Finnish län/läänit län/läänit 6
Counties of Germany German Kreis Kreise 323+116
Counties of Hungary Hungarian megye megyék 19/22/1 for numbers: see main article
Counties of Ireland Irish and English contae contaethe 32*
Counties of Japan Japanese gun
Counties of Latvia Latvian rajons rajoni 26
Counties of Liberia English language 15
Counties of Lithuania Lithuanian apskritis apskritys 10
Counties of Moldova Romanian language judeţ judeţe 9 disbanded in 2003
Counties of the Netherlands Dutch language graafschap graafschappen only historic
Counties of Norway Norwegian language fylke fylker 19
Counties of Poland Polish language powiat powiaty
Counties of Romania Romanian language judeţ judeţe 41+1
Counties of Serbia and Montenegro Serbian language okrug okruzi 29+1/21
Counties of Sweden Swedish language län län
Counties of the United Kingdom English language
Counties of the United States English language 3141
* The 32 refers to the counties of the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland combined. For more information, see the sections on Ireland and United Kingdom below.

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