Gourt > Regional > North America > United States > Society and Culture > Politics > Candidates and Campaigns > Presidential > 2004 > Polls and Surveys
There are several uses of the word survey, relating to two primary meanings: land surveying; and statistical surveys of people or other items, such as animals, stars, or messages. Population censuses are statistical surveys which attempt to include every item in the population.
Kinds of surveys
- Surveying is the science of measuring positions and distances on Earth.
- Geophysical surveys are surveys conducted on land.
- Hydrographic surveys are surveys specifically conducted over navigable waters.
- Aerial surveys are sometimes used in surveying for various reasons.
- Archaeological field surveys are surveys conducted in order to locate archaeological sites prior to excavation.
- Cadastral surveys map ownership boundaries for purposes of land valuation and taxation.
- Soil surveys map the properties and varieties of soil over some area.
- Statistical surveys are used in many social sciences, marketing research, political polling, and official statistics.
- Sample surveys collect information on only a sample from the population, in contrast to censuses.
- Serial surveys collect the same information at various time points. These can be divided into:
- Longitudinal surveys, which collect the information from the same item at each time point; and
- Cross-sectional surveys, which collect the information from a new sample of items (at least in part) at each time point.
- Paid surveys are sent by market research companies to their panel members in order to conduct research for large companies.
- The article Timeline of astronomical maps, catalogs, and surveys lists astronomical surveys; see also Durchmusterung.
- A redshift survey is a particular kind of astronomical survey.
Land survey organizations
United States
- The Public Land Survey System divides land in the United States into sections for agricultural and civic-planning purposes.
- The United States Geological Survey, part of the United States Department of the Interior, produces maps of the United States.
- The U.S. National Geodetic Survey, part of the United States Department of Commerce, performs surveys in the United States.
Public Opinion :: American Government
Polling :: Consultants
Shields, Brooks and Historians Examine McCain's Message of 'Change'
Buoyed by spirited speeches, the GOP convention came to a close Thursday night. Analysts Mark Shields, David Brooks and a panel of historians discuss the strengths and weaknesses of John McCain's acceptance speech and the GOP message of "change" in Washington.
Pa. Delegates Name Security, Economy as Top Issues
With union voters, both urban and rural areas and large numbers of military living in Pennsylvania, the Keystone state is shaping up to be a key battleground the presidential election.
McCain RNC Speech Excerpts: 'Change is Coming'
Sen. John McCain will accept the Republican nomination for the presidency later Thursday. Following are excerpts from his acceptance speech, as prepared for delivery.
BetaVote.com - View country-by-country results of its non-scientific online world wide poll on the 2004 US presidential election.
CNN - The Poll Tracker - Presidential election polls organized by month and year.
Electoral Vote Predictor 2004 - Track the electoral vote with a red/blue map of the US, updated daily using the latest state polls.
Meta Description: [ Track the election via the electoral college with a red state/blue state map of the US updated daily using the latest state polls ]
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Gallup - Election 2004 - Presents the numbers behind the elections including polls on election issues, candidate images and perceptions, election context and background, trial heats and demographics. Includes candidate profiles, how to get involved and FAQs and election history.
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Iowa Electronic Markets - 2004 US Presidential Vote Share Market - Real-money futures market where contract payoffs will be determined by the popular vote cast in the election. Includes daily prices graph.
NCPP - 20 Questions A Journalist Should Ask About Poll Results - How to determine if poll results are honest and useful. From the National Council on Public Polls.
NYTimes.com 2004 Election Guide - Interactive map with analysis and historical data.
Pew Research Center - Politics - Polls and surveys on presidential campaign candidates and issues.
Meta Description: [ Polls, public opinion research, national surveys on public attitudes toward press, politics, public policy issues; funded by Pew Charitable Trusts. Pew Research Center tracks trends in values, political and social attitudes. ]
Polling Report.com - Election 2004: White House - Ongoing collection of poll results about the candidates and issues from recognized, professional sources.
PollingReport.com - White House 2004: General Election - Collection of public opinion polls from various survey companies and research groups.
Presidential Vote Equation - Provides Ray C. Fair's updated equation to predict the 2004 election results. Includes a link to a non-technical discussion of its basis.
Rasmussen Reports - Election 2004 - Includes national tracking poll and individual state polls.
The World Votes - Offers people around the world the opportunity to declare their choice in the 2004 U.S. Presidential Election.
Meta Description: [ calling card travel web site cruise budget airline ticket package ]
Wall Street Journal - Battleground States Poll - Map and chart of each of the Zogby twice-monthly polls covering the presidential election swing states.
Wharton School - Political Forecasting SIG - Resource for scholars and practitioners interested in forecasting the presidential election. Includes the results of public opinion surveys, forecasts made by presidential election models, commentaries and bibliographies.
Zogby International - News - Polling company reports results about the presidential candidates and campaign issues.
